Traditional concepts of mood disorders emphasize persistent states, such as depressed mood that one experiences “most days, most of the time,” per DSM-5. Just as distractibility and impulsiveness reflect impaired cognitive and behavioral controls, overly intense reactions to provocative events may indicate “emotional impulsivity.” However, these emotion-related problems are not as pervasive in ADHD as the “cornerstone” symptoms of inattention and impulsiveness, an observation that leads to consideration of distinctive mood disorders that may be prevalent in ADHD. There has been long-running debate about whether emotional dysregulation is part and parcel of ADHD or whether they are symptoms of a different, if related, problem or disorder. ![]() Emotionally charged behavior can lead to aggressive reactions toward others and oneself. Among older individuals, hair-trigger tempers and milder flashes of impatience and irritation are unsettling to others, but the person with ADHD finds these hard to control. ![]() These difficulties can lead to a cycle of interpersonal friction, rejection, and diminished self-worth. Among children, low frustration tolerance, rageful outbursts over seemingly small annoyances, and explosive overreactions to disappointments other kids handle with composure often make peer relationships and family life difficult. A TENDENCY to experience and express intense negative emotions is among the most significant problems people with ADHD face.
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